{
  "entityType": "comparison",
  "id": "password-managers",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/",
  "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
  "updatedAt": "2026-11-02",
  "title": "Password managers, compared",
  "summary": "Ten password managers sold to individuals and small teams, compared by free plan, cheapest paid plan, family plan, team plan, login methods, the security reviews each provider says it has, open-source code, sharing and recovery, platforms and data export. Every price says which plan, billing term and promotion it covers, and the date it was read. Security statements are the providers' own words, attributed to them.",
  "category": "password-managers",
  "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
  "needs": [
    {
      "id": "free-plan-all-devices",
      "label": "A free plan that works across devices",
      "description": "The provider's own pages list a free plan with no end date and state no limit to one device, one device type or one active session for it. Item limits may still apply and are on the page. Free trials are not counted. The tag does not compare what the free plans include or how large their limits are; the Free plan row gives each plan's limits."
    },
    {
      "id": "family-plan",
      "label": "Sharing with family: a family plan",
      "description": "The provider's own pages list a plan priced for a family or household that includes 5 or more member accounts. The tag does not say how sharing works, which family plan costs least or what each member gets; the Family plan and Sharing and recovery rows give the details."
    },
    {
      "id": "small-team",
      "label": "Use in a small team",
      "description": "The provider's own pages list a team or business plan with a published per-user price that can be started online (a buy or free-trial button, not a contact-sales-only form), and list sharing of passwords among members together with an admin console, admin controls or role-based permissions. The cheapest team plan must also state no minimum above 5 users. The tag does not compare prices, minimum users or features beyond these; the Team plan row gives each plan's price and minimum."
    },
    {
      "id": "open-source-code",
      "label": "Open-source code",
      "description": "The provider's own pages state that the code of its password manager apps (mobile apps, desktop apps or browser extension) is open source or publicly available on a code-hosting site. It need not cover every app, and developer tools or libraries alone do not count. The tag does not say which apps, which licence or whether the code has been audited; the Open source row gives the provider's wording."
    }
  ],
  "fieldDefs": [
    {
      "key": "freePlan",
      "label": "Free plan or trial",
      "kind": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "startingPrice",
      "label": "Cheapest paid individual plan",
      "kind": "price"
    },
    {
      "key": "familyPlan",
      "label": "Family plan",
      "kind": "price"
    },
    {
      "key": "teamPlan",
      "label": "Team plan",
      "kind": "price"
    },
    {
      "key": "loginMethods",
      "label": "Login methods",
      "kind": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "securityReviews",
      "label": "Security reviews the provider states",
      "kind": "list"
    },
    {
      "key": "openSource",
      "label": "Open source",
      "kind": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "sharingAndRecovery",
      "label": "Sharing and recovery",
      "kind": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "platforms",
      "label": "Apps and platforms",
      "kind": "text"
    },
    {
      "key": "dataExport",
      "label": "Data export and import",
      "kind": "text"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "How were these password managers chosen?",
      "answer": "Each sells a plan to individuals (free or paid) and a priced plan to small teams, shows its prices on its own US site and was on sale on the check date. The starting list was 1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, Keeper, LastPass, NordPass and Proton Pass, and searches added Enpass, RoboForm, Sticky Password, Zoho Vault, Passbolt, Kaspersky Password Manager and Norton Password Manager. Ten met the rule, and all ten are listed, which is the most this page holds, so no extra rule was needed. Not listed: LastPass, because its pricing page shows plan names but no amounts when read (the price fields stay as unfilled placeholders, and a later load returned a block page), so no price could be read; Passbolt, whose pages list a free Community Edition and priced plans for teams and organizations (with a 10-user minimum on the priced plans) and no plan for individuals; Kaspersky Password Manager, which lists Free and Premium plans for individuals and no team plan; and Norton Password Manager, whose page redirected to a sign-in page, so no plan list was read. Password managers built into operating systems or browsers were not counted because they are not sold as separate plans. This says nothing about the quality of any product left out. The page lists the ten in alphabetical order and does not rank them."
    },
    {
      "question": "Where do the prices come from?",
      "answer": "Each provider's own pricing page, plan comparison, help centre, security or trust pages and terms, in US dollars, read on 2026-11-02. Each price says the plan, the billing term and any promotion or sale, with the regular price beside it where the page shows one: 1Password's new-customer first-year prices, NordPass's first-term prices (its 2-year plan includes 3 extra months in a promotion its terms page dates 2026-10-21 to 2026-12-09), Enpass's 25% family discount and Sticky Password's sale prices. Several pages build prices with scripts or refuse plain requests, so they were read in a browser, and billing switches were changed only to read other displayed prices. Security statements are the providers' own words and are attributed to them; this page does not judge or compare security. Prices and offers change often, so check the provider before you buy."
    },
    {
      "question": "What does \"Not publicly stated\" mean?",
      "answer": "The provider's pages did not say. It does not mean the answer is no."
    }
  ],
  "items": [
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "1password",
      "name": "1Password",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://1password.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "family-plan"
      ],
      "summary": "1Password sells Individual at $3.99 per month and Families at $5.99 per month, both billed yearly, with a 14-day free trial and no free plan. New customers see first-year promotional prices of $2.99 and $4.49. Team plans start at $2.49 per user per month.",
      "fit": "People who want a paid manager with a family plan for five users and a team plan with a 10-user starting pack.",
      "unclear": "The pages read list no free plan and no emergency-access feature, and do not say the 1Password apps are open source. Promotional prices are for new customers on annual billing through 1Password.com only, and the pages do not say what the first renewal costs beyond the regular prices shown.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "No free plan is listed. 1Password offers a 14-day free trial of Individual or Families, with no credit card required.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://1password.com/pricing/personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "From the plan cards and the FAQ answer about a free trial. The page is undated; the footer shows 2026."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Individual: $3.99 per month billed yearly (regular price, USD, US site, 1 user). New customers who subscribe directly with annual billing see a promotional $2.99 per month for the first 12 months. Billed monthly, Individual is $4.99 per month.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://1password.com/pricing/personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The monthly figure was read with the page's Monthly and Yearly switch, which only changes the displayed prices. The FAQ states the regular and promotional prices and says promotions are not available through app stores."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Families: $5.99 per month billed yearly (regular price), includes 5 users. New customers on annual billing see a promotional $4.49 per month for the first 12 months. Billed monthly, Families is $7.99 per month.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://1password.com/pricing/personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the Monthly and Yearly switch. The page lists up to 5 family members and unlimited shared vaults."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Teams Starter Pack: $2.49 per user per month billed yearly ($24.95 per month, or $299.40 per year, for 10 members); billed monthly it is $2.99 per user per month. 10 users minimum, up to 20 users. Business: $8.99 per user per month billed yearly ($107.88 per user per year), or $10.99 billed monthly; 1 user minimum. Both have a 14-day free trial with no credit card.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://1password.com/pricing/business",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Teams Starter Pack extra seats cost $4.99 per seat per month on annual billing, up to 10 extra seats. Monthly figures were read with the page's Monthly and Yearly switch."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "1Password's plan pages list two-factor authentication, biometrics and passkeys, and say an account is protected by the account password plus a Secret Key. Its help centre describes two-factor authentication with an authenticator app and says a security key such as a YubiKey or Titan can be used as a second factor.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.1password.com/two-factor-authentication/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The help article is undated. Plan-page wording is from https://1password.com/pricing/personal."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "1Password states it is SOC 2 type 2 certified and has ISO 27001:2022, 27017:2015, 27018:2019 and 27701:2019 certifications (security audits page, undated).",
            "1Password states its annual penetration test reports are available through its Trust Center from November 3, 2025, and that its bug bounty program moved to HackerOne in December 2024.",
            "1Password states it aims to publish as many independent audit reports as it can, and that it cannot publish every one."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.1password.com/security-assessments/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The Trust Center at https://trust.1password.io/ lists SOC 2 Type 2, ISO and other documents, some by access request. The security page https://1password.com/security repeats the SOC 2 statement."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": "1Password states, in a blog post dated August 28, 2023, that it open-sourced the library behind passkey sign-in and other projects such as Typeshare. The pages read do not say the 1Password apps themselves are open source.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://1password.com/blog/passkey-crates",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The statement covers libraries and developer tools, not the password manager apps."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: the plan pages list sharing items with anyone, even people without 1Password, with expiring links; Families adds unlimited shared vaults and 5 guest accounts. Recovery: a family organizer or team administrator can recover a member's account, and family members can generate recovery codes. The pages read describe no emergency-access feature.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.1password.com/recovery/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Sharing wording is from https://1password.com/pricing/personal and https://support.1password.com/share-items/. All three pages are undated."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Apps for macOS, iOS, watchOS, Windows, Android and Linux; browser extensions for Chrome, Safari, Edge, Firefox and Brave; a command-line tool (CLI). The pricing page also lists developer tools (SSH workflows, Git commit signing, CLI and SDKs).",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://1password.com/pricing/personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The CLI is also listed on the downloads page https://1password.com/downloads."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export: File, then Export in the apps, as a 1Password Unencrypted Export (.1pux) or a CSV file; CSV holds Login items only, and exported files are not encrypted. Import: the apps can import a .1pux file, and on the iOS and Android versions the help page names they can import from apps that support the Credential Exchange standard.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.1password.com/export/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Import wording is from https://support.1password.com/import/. Both help articles are undated."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#1password",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "bitwarden",
      "name": "Bitwarden",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://bitwarden.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "free-plan-all-devices",
        "family-plan",
        "small-team",
        "open-source-code"
      ],
      "summary": "Bitwarden has an always-free plan, Premium at $1.65 per month (billed annually at $19.80), Families at $3.99 per month for up to 6 users, and Teams at $4 per user per month billed annually.",
      "fit": "People who want a free plan on unlimited devices, a low-cost paid plan and code published on GitHub.",
      "unclear": "The pages read state no minimum number of Teams users, show prices for annual billing only and do not say what renewal costs. The audit and compliance pages carry no dates.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "A free plan is offered: the pricing page says basic password management is always free. Features it lists as included in every account include unlimited devices and passwords, browser, mobile and desktop apps, passkey management, a password generator, encrypted export, Bitwarden Send and sharing with one other user. Two-step login by authenticator app, email or FIDO2 hardware key is free; Duo and YubiKey OTP need Premium.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The two-step login detail is from https://bitwarden.com/help/setup-two-step-login/. Both pages are undated; the pricing page footer shows 2026."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Premium: $1.65 per month, billed annually at $19.80 (USD, US site, 1 account). The page shows annual billing only and says prices exclude taxes.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "No monthly-billing price is shown on the page."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Families: $3.99 per month for up to 6 users, billed annually at $47.88 (USD, US site).",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page lists 6 premium accounts, unlimited sharing and collections, and a free-trial button."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Teams: $4 per user per month, billed annually, with a 14-day free trial. Enterprise is $6 per user per month, billed annually. The business page says seats are priced at a flat rate and states no minimum number of users.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/pricing/business/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The same prices appear on https://bitwarden.com/pricing/. Teams lists sharing credentials, event logs, directory sync and SCIM."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "Two-step login methods the help centre lists: authenticator app, email and FIDO2 WebAuthn credentials (such as hardware keys), free for all accounts; Duo and YubiKey OTP with Premium. The help centre also lists logging in and unlocking with passkeys and a Bitwarden Authenticator app, and the Premium card lists up to 10 hardware security keys.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/help/setup-two-step-login/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The Premium card detail (up to 10 hardware security keys) and the passwordless login with a passkey are from https://bitwarden.com/pricing/. Both pages are undated."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "Bitwarden states it completes annual source code audits and penetration tests for each client (web, browser extension and desktop) and for the core application and library, and annual network security assessments, by third-party firms.",
            "Bitwarden states it runs a HackerOne bug bounty program for independent researchers.",
            "Bitwarden states it holds an ISO 27001 certification and SOC 2 and SOC 3 certifications, and that it is HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA and CPRA compliant and complies with the Data Privacy Framework."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/compliance/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page is undated. It says SOC 2 reports are available on request."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": "Bitwarden states its source code is hosted on GitHub for anyone to review, audit and contribute to, and lists server, browser, web, mobile, desktop and CLI projects. It also states you can host Bitwarden yourself with Docker.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/open-source/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page links to a separate open-source licensing page, which was not read."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: every account can share vault items with one other user for free; Families shares among all members; Bitwarden Send shares text or files with anyone, including non-users. Emergency access (paid plans): trusted emergency contacts get view or takeover access after a wait time you set. The help centre also lists a recovery code for two-step login.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/help/emergency-access/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Sharing wording is from https://bitwarden.com/pricing/. The recovery-code mention is from the help centre menu on https://bitwarden.com/help/setup-two-step-login/."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Browser extensions for Edge, Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, Vivaldi and Brave; desktop apps for Windows, macOS and Linux; mobile apps for iOS and Android (also through F-Droid); a web vault; a command-line interface; and a separate Authenticator app.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/download/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Self-hosting is also offered (see the Open source row)."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export from the web app, extension, desktop, mobile or CLI as .json, .csv, encrypted .json, or a .zip with attachments (individual vaults only); only .json exports include cards, identities, passkeys and SSH keys. Import: from many managers (the help page names LastPass, 1Password, Firefox and Chrome among others) and from any manager that can export a file.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://bitwarden.com/help/export-your-data/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Import wording is from https://bitwarden.com/help/import-data/. Both help pages are undated."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#bitwarden",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "dashlane",
      "name": "Dashlane",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://www.dashlane.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "family-plan",
        "small-team",
        "open-source-code"
      ],
      "summary": "Dashlane sells Premium at $5.42 per month and Friends & Family (10 members) at $8.13 per month, both billed annually, and a business plan at $8 per user per month billed annually. It has no free plan; Premium has a 14-day free trial.",
      "fit": "People who want a paid manager with a 10-member family plan, annual billing only and client code published on GitHub.",
      "unclear": "The pages read show per-month figures billed annually without an annual total, and state no minimum number of users for the business plan. A help article says the desktop app is no longer offered, and the Dashlane code released on GitHub covers only parts of its clients; its licence is not stated on the pages read.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "No free plan. Dashlane's plan comparison article says it no longer offers or sells Dashlane Free (and some other past plans) and no longer offers monthly subscriptions. Premium has a 14-day free trial; when a trial ends or a plan expires you can still log in but can only export your passwords.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001166969-Compare-Dashlane-personal-plans",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The comparison article shows 'Updated September 17, 2026'. The expired-plans article, https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/28150025262098-Expired-personal-plans-and-trials, shows 'Updated August 10, 2026'. The trial is on https://www.dashlane.com/pricing-personal."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Premium: $5.42 per month, billed annually (USD, US site, 1 member). The page shows the per-month figure and no annual total.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.dashlane.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Prices on this page are filled in by script, so it was read in a browser. The page is undated."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Friends & Family: $8.13 per month for 10 members, billed annually (USD, US site). Each member gets a private account.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.dashlane.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The help article https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/360013369820-Dashlane-Friends-Family-plan ('Updated October 29, 2026') says you and nine members can share the subscription."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Omnix Password Management: $8 per user per month, billed annually, with a 14-day free trial. Omnix Credential Protection is $4 per user per month billed annually, sold through sales contact. Omnix Enterprise has custom pricing. The pages read state no minimum number of users for Password Management; the FAQ says Enterprise is built for organizations with more than 50 users.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.dashlane.com/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Prices are filled in by script, so the page was read in a browser. Password Management lists secure sharing of workforce passwords and admin vault policies."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "Friends & Family accounts can log in with a Master Password, a PIN code or a physical security key. Two-factor authentication for a Master Password account uses a 6-digit token from an authenticator app, with recovery codes. A security key is not used as a second factor; Dashlane offers passwordless accounts protected by a FIDO2 security key, and a security key can also unlock the web app. The pricing page lists passwordless login for new users.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/202625042-2-factor-authentication-2FA-in-Dashlane",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The 2FA article shows 'Updated October 29, 2026'. The security-key article, https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/12817084382738-Can-I-use-a-security-key-with-Dashlane-2FA, shows 'Updated October 08, 2026'."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "Dashlane states in its Trust Center that it is ISO 27001:2022 and SOC 2 Type II compliant, as well as GDPR, CCPA and HIPAA compliant, and lists a 2025 SOC 2 Type II report, a 2025 ISO 27001 (2022) certificate and 2026 penetration test summary and report documents.",
            "Dashlane states it runs a public bug bounty program on Intigriti and that independent accredited third parties perform annual penetration tests, with results shared through its Trust Center."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://trust.dashlane.com/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The Trust Center page is built by script and was read in a browser; it is undated. The security operations article, https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/32877595753746-8-Security-operations, shows 'Updated August 21, 2026'. The bug bounty policy is at https://www.dashlane.com/security/researchers."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": "Dashlane states that large portions of its client code are open source and available on GitHub (iOS, Android and web extension). Its developer page says the Android code, the Apple apps code and the web extension code are publicly available for anyone to audit, and that it plans to release more packages.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/32877595753746-8-Security-operations",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The developer page is https://www.dashlane.com/developers. The pages read do not state the licence."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: unlimited secure sharing of logins and Secure Notes with other Dashlane users on Premium and Friends & Family. Emergency access: the earlier emergency-contact feature is no longer offered; Dashlane describes giving a trusted person an encrypted DASH file and its password instead. Recovery: a recovery key, biometric recovery on mobile, or admin-assisted recovery on business plans, each turned on before you need it; without one, a reset erases all data.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/11282971791634-Account-recovery-options-for-Dashlane",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The recovery article shows 'Updated October 23, 2026'. The trusted-person article, https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/4407179219986-Share-your-data-with-a-trusted-person, shows 'Updated October 20, 2026'. Sharing wording is from https://www.dashlane.com/pricing-personal."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "A web app and browser extension for Firefox, Safari, Chrome, Edge and other Chromium browsers; an Android app; and Apple apps for iPhone, iPad and Mac. A help article says the desktop app is no longer offered.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/202625002-Supported-devices-and-browsers",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The article shows 'Updated August 26, 2026'. The desktop-app wording is from the trusted-person article. Dashlane's security page also lists an API and CLI for business accounts."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export to CSV (separate files for logins, IDs, payment information, personal information and Secure Notes; not encrypted; passkeys and Secure Note attachments are not included), to an encrypted DASH file, or with Credential Exchange to participating managers on recent iOS, macOS and Android versions. Import: from other managers with Credential Exchange or a CSV file; special files such as 1Password's .1pux cannot be used.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/32905278138002-Export-your-Dashlane-data-to-a-CSV",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The CSV article shows 'Updated October 20, 2026'. The export overview, https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/202625092-Export-your-Dashlane-data, shows 'Updated September 11, 2026', and the import article, https://support.dashlane.com/hc/en-us/articles/360004101920-Import-your-data-into-Dashlane, shows 'Updated October 27, 2026'."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#dashlane",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "enpass",
      "name": "Enpass",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://www.enpass.io/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "free-plan-all-devices",
        "family-plan",
        "small-team"
      ],
      "summary": "Enpass has a free plan for up to 25 items, Premium at $1.99 per month billed annually at $23.99, Family at $3.99 per month for up to 6 people, and Business at $1.99 per user per month billed yearly. Enpass states every plan keeps your vault in your own cloud account, not on its servers.",
      "fit": "People who want to keep their vault in their own cloud storage, with a free plan, a low-cost yearly plan and a family plan.",
      "unclear": "The free plan's pages state no device limit, and Premium's monthly-billing price is not shown. Family currently shows a 25% discount and the page does not say how long it lasts. The pages read do not say whether Enpass's own app code is open source, and the personal pages name no audit firm.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "Free: $0 forever, for up to 25 items in 1 vault. The pricing page lists apps for Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android and states no device limit for the free plan; import is also limited to up to 25 items.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page was read in a browser because a plain request returned a 403 block. It is undated; the footer shows 2026."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Premium: $1.99 per month, billed annually at $23.99 (USD, US site, 1 account, unlimited items and vaults). A 3-year option shows $47.99, labelled 'Save 33%', with 1 year free when you pay for 2 years.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the page's Annual and 3-year toggle, which only changes the displayed price. No monthly-billing price is shown."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Family: $3.99 per month regular price, for up to 6 people with family management. The page currently shows a 25% discount: $2.99 per month, billed annually at $35.99 with the discount, then $47.99 billed yearly.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "A help article says family plans are bought on the website, not through app stores: https://help.enpass.io/personal/latest/all/sharing-an-enpass-family-plan."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Business: $1.99 per user per month, billed yearly, with a 30-day free trial and no credit card needed. The page states no minimum number of users. Large enterprises are asked to contact sales.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/pricing-business",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Applicable taxes are added at checkout. The page lists administrative controls, password and file sharing, SSO and SCIM."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "The vault unlocks with a Master Password, with an optional keyfile for an extra layer, and with biometric unlock (Face ID or Touch ID, face or fingerprint unlock on Android, Windows Hello). Enpass stores passkeys and has a built-in authenticator (TOTP) for other sites. The pages read describe no Enpass account two-factor step and list no hardware security key.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The keyfile steps are in https://help.enpass.io/personal/latest/all/creating-and-adding-a-keyfile. Enpass states it keeps no user data on its servers, so there is no account to protect with a second factor; that inference is not stated on the pages."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "Enpass states it is ISO 27001:2022 certified, SOC 2 Type II audited and GDPR compliant (ISO page, undated).",
            "Enpass states its business plan includes third-party security audits and lists GDPR, SOC 2 Type II and ISO certification (business pricing page, undated)."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/iso/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The pages read name no audit firm and no bug bounty program. The business statement is from https://www.enpass.io/pricing-business. The pages were read in a browser."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": "Enpass states it encrypts data with 256-bit AES and 320,000 PBKDF2 rounds using the open-source SQLCipher engine. The pages read do not say Enpass's own app code is open source or publicly available.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/security/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The open-source statement covers a third-party component, not Enpass's apps."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: any vault stored in your own cloud account can be shared with other trusted Enpass users; Family covers up to 6 people; Business lists password and file sharing. Recovery: Enpass states it stores no user data on its servers, so a lost Master Password or keyfile cannot be recovered on personal plans; Business lists access recovery through an administrator. The pages read describe no emergency-access feature.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://help.enpass.io/personal/latest/all/resetting-enpass",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Sharing steps are in https://help.enpass.io/personal/latest/all/sharing-a-vault. The business statements are from https://www.enpass.io/pricing-business. The help articles are undated."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Apps for Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android, including wearables; browser extensions for Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, Brave, Vivaldi and Opera. Vaults can be stored in iCloud, Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox, Box or Nextcloud.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.enpass.io/pricing/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The business pricing page adds Apple Watch and Wear OS support."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export from the File menu as .json for a chosen vault, with or without Trash and Archive items; the help article says passkeys cannot be exported or imported between managers and tells you to delete the unencrypted files afterwards. Import: the help centre has guides for importing from browsers, spreadsheets and other managers.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://help.enpass.io/personal/latest/all/importing-from-enpass",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The help article is undated. Import guides were found in the help centre listing and were not each read."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#enpass",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "keeper",
      "name": "Keeper",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "family-plan",
        "small-team"
      ],
      "summary": "Keeper lists a free plan limited to one mobile device and ten records, a personal plan at $3.58 per month (billed annually at $42.99), a Family plan at $7.67 per month for 5 users, and business plans from $2.00 per user per month billed annually.",
      "fit": "People who want a family plan with five private vaults and emergency access, or a team plan aimed at 5 to 10 users.",
      "unclear": "The personal pricing page lists only Personal and Family, while the main personal page names the same price Keeper Unlimited and also lists a Free plan. No monthly-billing price is shown. Business Starter says it protects 5 to 10 users without saying whether that is a minimum or a limit.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "Keeper Free: $0. Limited to one mobile device and ten records for passwords and passkeys, with identity and payment storage kept locally on that device; two-factor authentication is listed. Free trials of paid plans are offered.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/personal.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Listed on this page only. The separate pricing page, https://www.keepersecurity.com/pricing/personal-and-family.html, lists Personal and Family and no Free plan. Both pages are undated."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Personal (named Keeper Unlimited on the main personal page): $3.58 per month, billed annually at $42.99 (USD, US site, 1 user). No monthly-billing price is shown.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/pricing/personal-and-family.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The same price is on https://www.keepersecurity.com/personal.html. The page was read in a browser because the raw page holds placeholders instead of amounts."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Family: $7.67 per month, billed annually at $91.99 (USD, US site), for 5 users. It adds five private vaults, 10 GB of file storage and shared folders with permissions.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/pricing/personal-and-family.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page also labels the price 'save 57% per user'; the basis for that label is not stated."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Business Starter: $2.00 per user per month, billed annually, described as protecting sole proprietors and small teams and listed as protection for 5 to 10 users. Business is $4.00 and Enterprise $6.00 per user per month, billed annually. Free trials are offered; their length is not stated.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/pricing/business-and-enterprise.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Business Starter lists an encrypted vault, an admin console and credential sharing. The page was read in a browser because the raw page holds placeholders instead of amounts."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "Keeper states it supports multi-factor authentication, SSO, FIDO2 WebAuthn hardware security keys, passkeys, biometric login (such as Face ID, Touch ID and Windows Hello) and Keeper DNA, which uses smartwatches to confirm identity.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/security.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The statement is on the security page and does not say which plans include each method. The Free plan card lists two-factor authentication."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "Keeper states it is ISO 27001, 27017 and 27018 certified and has been certified SOC 2 Type 2 compliant for over ten years, and lists GDPR, CCPA, HIPAA, PCI DSS, FedRAMP High and GovRAMP High status (security page, undated).",
            "Keeper states its encryption has FIPS 140-3 validation, certificate #4743.",
            "Keeper states it partners with NCC Group, CyberTest and independent researchers for quarterly penetration testing, and with Bugcrowd for a vulnerability disclosure and bug bounty program."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/security.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page is undated; it mentions features rolled out from Q1 2026."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": "Keeper states its source code is privately held in GitHub Enterprise and that much of it is published in a public GitHub repository as part of its Commander and Secrets Manager products.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/security.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The published code is for those developer products; the statement does not say the password manager apps are open source."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: unlimited secure password sharing on the personal plans, shared folders and permissions on Family, and One-Time Share for sending a record to anyone. Emergency access (consumer accounts only): up to five contacts, with an optional delay of up to three months. Recovery: a 24-word recovery phrase generated on your device; Keeper states its support cannot help if you lose both the Master Password and the phrase.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://docs.keeper.io/user-guides/troubleshooting/reset-your-master-password",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Emergency access steps are in https://docs.keeper.io/user-guides/emergency-access, which shows 'Last updated 2 years ago'. Sharing wording is from https://www.keepersecurity.com/personal.html and the security page."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Apps for Mac, Windows (Windows 11 or later) and Linux; browser extensions for Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, Opera and Brave; iOS and Android apps; a Keeper Web Vault; and the Commander and Secrets Manager command-line tools.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.keepersecurity.com/download.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page is undated."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export from the Web Vault or desktop app as CSV, JSON, PDF or an encrypted KeePass (.kdbx) file; enterprise administrators can restrict export. Import: Keeper's documentation lists import guides for browsers and many other managers, including 1Password, Bitwarden, Dashlane, LastPass and Proton Pass.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://docs.keeper.io/user-guides/export-and-reports/vault-export",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page shows 'Last updated 1 month ago'. The import guide names are from the documentation menu on the same page."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#keeper",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "nordpass",
      "name": "NordPass",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://nordpass.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "family-plan"
      ],
      "summary": "NordPass has a free plan limited to one active session. Premium is $1.99 per month for the first 12 months on a 1-year plan, Family (6 accounts) is $3.69 per month for the first 12 months, and Teams is $2.49 per user per month billed monthly.",
      "fit": "People who want a low first-term price on a family plan for six accounts, or a team plan sold in a 10-user pack.",
      "unclear": "The plans page does not label its crossed-out prices or say what renewal costs after the first term. A support article lists an Authenticator under Premium while the plans page marks it as not included. The 2-year plan's 3 extra months are a promotion its terms page dates 2026-10-21 to 2026-12-09. The pages read do not say whether NordPass's code is open source.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "Free: $0.00 per month 'for a lifetime', 1 user account, with autosave and autofill and secure storage. The plans page marks access on multiple devices, Password Health and Data Breach Scanner as not included, and a support article says Free allows one active session on one device, though the apps can be installed on any number of devices.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://nordpass.com/plans/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page was read in a browser because a plain request returned a 403 block. The support article is https://support.nordpass.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006700458-Premium-vs-Free-version-of-NordPass (undated)."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Premium, 1 user account (USD, US site, prices exclude VAT): 1-year plan, $1.99 per month, shown as $23.88 for the first 12 months with $35.88 crossed out and 'Save 33%'; 2-year plan, $1.39 per month, shown as $37.53 for the first 27 months (includes 3 extra months) with $80.73 crossed out and 'Save 53%'. The page does not label the crossed-out figures or say what renewal costs.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://nordpass.com/plans/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the page's 1-year and 2-year toggle, which only changes the displayed prices. The gift terms page https://nordpass.com/discount-period-terms-conditions/ ('Last updated: 2026-10-21') says the 3-month gift is for 2-year plans bought from October 21, 2026 to December 9, 2026. Both plans carry a 30-day money-back guarantee."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Family, 6 user accounts (USD, US site, prices exclude VAT): 1-year plan, $3.69 per month, shown as $44.28 for the first 12 months with $71.88 crossed out and 'Save 38%'; 2-year plan, $2.49 per month, shown as $67.23 for the first 27 months (includes 3 extra months) with $161.73 crossed out and 'Save 58%'.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://nordpass.com/plans/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the 1-year and 2-year toggle. The page does not say what renewal costs."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Teams: $2.49 per user per month billed monthly; $1.99 on a 1-year plan ('Save 20%'); $1.79 on a 2-year plan ('Save 28%'); 10-user pack only. Business: $5.99 per user per month billed monthly, $3.99 on a 1-year plan, $3.59 on a 2-year plan; 5 users minimum. 14-day free Business trial with no credit card. Payments are in USD.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://nordpass.com/plans/business/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read in a browser with the page's 2-year, 1-year and 1-month toggle. Prices exclude VAT. The page does not say what renewal costs."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "The help centre describes multi-factor authentication with an authenticator app or a security key (Bluetooth, NFC or USB), with backup codes, and the plans page lists biometrics. NordPass stores passkeys; its passkeys FAQ (undated) says passwordless sign-in to NordPass was still being worked on.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.nordpass.com/hc/en-us/articles/360002770497-How-to-enable-Multi-Factor-Authentication-MFA",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The passkeys FAQ is https://support.nordpass.com/hc/en-us/articles/12984678202641-Passkeys-FAQs. Both articles are undated, so the passwordless status may have changed."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "NordPass states its Trust Center, shown as updated on October 07, 2026, offers on request a Business HIPAA report, an ISO 27001 certificate, a penetration test report and a Nord Security SOC 2 Type 2 report.",
            "NordPass states its business plans page shows ISO 27001 certified, SOC 2 Type 2 certified, Cure53 and HIPAA.",
            "NordPass states its product undergoes independent third-party security audits and that it runs a bug bounty program (security page, undated)."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://trust.nordpass.com/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The Trust Center and the other pages (https://nordpass.com/plans/business/ and https://nordpass.com/security/) were read in a browser. The Trust Center documents are by access request and were not read."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pages read do not say whether NordPass's code is open source or publicly available."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: a support article lists secure item sharing among the Premium features, and the business plans list sharing by group and folder. Emergency access: Premium and Family users can grant it to any NordPass user; if you do nothing within 7 days of a request, access is granted. Recovery: a 24-symbol recovery code can reset the Master Password.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.nordpass.com/hc/en-us/articles/5691777958929-How-to-give-Emergency-Access-in-NordPass",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The recovery code article is https://support.nordpass.com/hc/en-us/articles/360002445318-What-is-a-Recovery-Code. All three help articles are undated."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Apps for iOS, Android, Windows, macOS and Linux; browser extensions for Chrome (also Chromium, Brave and Vivaldi), Firefox, Safari, Opera and Edge; a web vault; and a command-line interface listed in the plans comparison.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://nordpass.com/download/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read in a browser; a plain request returned a 403 block. The CLI is listed on https://nordpass.com/plans/."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export from the desktop apps or the web vault under Settings, Import and Export, as a CSV file after entering your Master Password; business administrators can restrict exporting. Import: the help centre has articles on exporting from other managers and browsers to import into NordPass.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://support.nordpass.com/hc/en-us/articles/360007646477-How-to-export-passwords-from-NordPass",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The article is undated. The import articles were found in its related-articles list and were not each read."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#nordpass",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "proton-pass",
      "name": "Proton Pass",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://proton.me/pass",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "free-plan-all-devices",
        "family-plan",
        "small-team",
        "open-source-code"
      ],
      "summary": "Proton Pass has a free plan with unlimited devices, Pass Plus at $2.99 per month when paid yearly ($4.99 billed monthly), Pass Family at $4.99 per month for up to 6 users, and Pass Essentials for teams at $1.99 per user per month billed yearly.",
      "fit": "People who want a free plan on unlimited devices and apps Proton states are open source, with yearly pricing for individuals, families and small teams.",
      "unclear": "The pages read do not say what renewal costs after the first 12 months. The Free plan has 2 vaults and shares with 2 others. The pricing page lists Emergency Access with Pass Plus, while the support article describes Proton Account emergency access for paid Proton plans that needs a Proton Mail address.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "Proton Free: $0, no credit card. Unlimited logins, notes and credit cards on unlimited devices, with browser, mobile and desktop apps, a password generator, passkey support, 10 hide-my-email aliases, 2 vaults and sharing vaults with 2 others. Built-in 2FA authenticator, secure item sharing, file attachments, Dark Web Monitoring and Emergency Access are listed from Pass Plus.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/pass/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "From the plan card and the comparison table. The page is undated; the footer shows 2026."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Pass Plus: $4.99 per month billed monthly; $2.99 per month when paid yearly, billed at $35.88 every 12 months, which the page labels 40% off the monthly price (USD, US site, 1 user).",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/pass/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the page's Monthly and Yearly switch, which only changes the displayed prices. The page does not say what renewal costs."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Pass Family: $6.99 per month billed monthly; $4.99 per month when paid yearly, billed at $59.88 every 12 months, which the page labels 29% off. Up to 6 users, with 6 Pass Plus accounts and an admin panel.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/pass/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the Monthly and Yearly switch."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Pass Essentials: $4.99 per user per month billed monthly; $1.99 per user per month on yearly billing (billed at $23.88, labelled 60% off); minimum 3 users, 3 to 30 users; 14-day free trial. Pass Professional: $6.99 per user per month billed monthly, $4.99 on yearly billing; minimum 3 users.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/business/pass/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read with the Monthly and Yearly switch. Taxes may apply. Essentials lists vault, item and link sharing, and the comparison table lists a business admin panel."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "Proton states that two-factor authentication on a Proton Account, which covers all Proton services on free and paid plans, can use an authenticator app or a physical U2F or FIDO2 security key. The Proton Pass plan pages list passkey support on all devices, and the business plans list biometric unlock.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/support/two-factor-authentication-2fa",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The help article is undated. Passkey support is from https://proton.me/pass/pricing and biometric unlock from https://proton.me/business/pass/pricing."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "Proton states Cure53 audited its Pass mobile apps, browser extensions and API in May to June 2023, and Recurity Labs audited its browser extensions, mobile and desktop apps and CLI in January to April 2026.",
            "Proton states it is ISO 27001 certified and completed a SOC 2 Type II attestation in July 2025, verified by Schellman.",
            "Proton states it runs a public bug bounty program, with a maximum reward of USD 100,000."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/business/pass/security",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The bug bounty page is https://proton.me/security/bug-bounty. The personal page https://proton.me/pass/security says Proton Pass has been audited by independent third-party experts and that the reports are public."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": "Proton states all Proton Pass apps are open source and can be independently reviewed by anyone, and its business security page points to github.com/protonpass for the client apps and encryption implementation.",
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/pass/security",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The licence is not stated on the pages read."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: Free shares vaults with 2 others; Pass Plus lists secure vault, item and link sharing and shares with 10 others. Emergency access: Pass Plus lists Emergency Access, and Proton's account-level feature lets you name up to five contacts, with a wait time of 1 to 30 days, on paid plans (both people need a Proton Mail address). Recovery: recovery methods such as a recovery phrase must be set up by the account holder; Proton states that without one you risk permanently losing access.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/support/emergency-access",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The recovery article is https://proton.me/support/set-account-recovery-methods. Plan details are from https://proton.me/pass/pricing. The help articles are undated."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Apps for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android and iOS; browser extensions for Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge and Brave; a web app; and a command-line interface.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/pass/download",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page is undated."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export from the browser extensions, web app and Windows app (not the mobile apps) as a ZIP holding a PGP-encrypted JSON file, an unencrypted ZIP, or a CSV file. Import: the pricing page lists easy password import, and the help centre explains importing a PGP-encrypted Proton Pass export.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://proton.me/support/pass-export",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The help article is undated."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#proton-pass",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "roboform",
      "name": "RoboForm",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://www.roboform.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "family-plan",
        "small-team"
      ],
      "summary": "RoboForm has a free plan for one device, Premium at $2.49 per month and Family (up to 5 accounts) at $3.98 per month, both billed annually, and Business at $3.33 per user per month billed annually.",
      "fit": "People who want a low-priced yearly plan with a family plan for five accounts and a business plan that lists a multi-year discount.",
      "unclear": "The rendered pricing page shows no renewal prices; its hidden markup says Premium renews at $29.88 per year, Family at $47.75 and Business at $39.95, and holds unfilled placeholders for first-year sale prices. The pages read state no minimum number of Business users, say nothing about open-source code and do not date the audit.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "Free: $0, unlimited passwords on a single device. The Free card lists advanced two-factor authentication, an integrated TOTP authenticator, passwordless unlock, cloud backup and monitoring for compromised passwords. Not included on Free: access on all devices, web access, local-only mode, data breach monitoring, emergency access and secure sharing.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The included and not-included marks were read from the page's markup. The page is undated; the footer shows a 2026 copyright."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Premium: $2.49 per month, billed annually (USD, US site, 1 account), with a 30-day money-back guarantee. The page's markup says it renews at $29.88 per year.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The renewal wording is in markup that the rendered page does not show, next to an unfilled placeholder for a first-year sale price. No monthly-billing price is shown."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": "Family: $3.98 per month, billed annually (USD, US site), for up to 5 Premium accounts, with a 30-day money-back guarantee. The page's markup says it renews at $47.75 per year.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The renewal wording is in markup that the rendered page does not show."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Business: $3.33 per user per month, billed annually (USD, US site); a multi-year discount is available and a free trial is offered. The page's markup says it renews at $39.95 per year. The page states no minimum number of users. Business includes a Family plan (up to 5 accounts) for personal use for organizations with 10 or more paid licences.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/pricing-business",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Business lists an admin center, secure password sharing, SSO, SCIM, role-based access control and activity logs. The trial length is not stated."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "The personal plans list two-factor authentication by email, SMS, authenticator app, passkey, trusted device and hardware security key. RoboForm's site description also lists Passwordless Unlock with a passkey and biometrics or a device PIN.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The security page https://www.roboform.com/security repeats the 2FA options. The Passwordless Unlock wording is from https://www.roboform.com/llms.txt."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "RoboForm states it has been tested by Secfault Security and offers a report; the page gives no date.",
            "RoboForm states it runs a bug bounty program, following CISA standards, with rewards based on severity and impact, and publishes a security whitepaper."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/security",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The vulnerability disclosure policy is at https://www.roboform.com/researchers. The report and whitepaper were not read."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pages read do not say whether RoboForm's code is open source or publicly available."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: secure sharing of items and folders with access levels is listed from Premium. Emergency Access (Premium and Family) lets trusted contacts obtain access to your data in the event of death or incapacitation, or as a method of account recovery. Master Password restore is listed as a feature of every account.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/pricing-personal",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The Free plan does not include emergency access or sharing. The pages read do not explain how Master Password restore works."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Downloads for Windows (10 and 11), Mac, iOS, Android, Linux and Chrome OS, and browser extensions for Chrome (also Brave and Opera), Firefox and Edge.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.roboform.com/download",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page is undated."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "Export to a CSV file from the browser extension or the Windows and Mac apps after entering your Master Password; the Windows app lets you choose Logins, Bookmarks and Safenotes. Import: the help centre has guides for exporting from other managers and importing into RoboForm.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://help.roboform.com/hc/en-us/articles/230425008-How-to-export-your-RoboForm-logins-into-a-CSV-file",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The help centre returned a 403 block to a plain request, so the article was read in a browser. It is undated."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#roboform",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "sticky-password",
      "name": "Sticky Password",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://www.stickypassword.com/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "small-team"
      ],
      "summary": "Sticky Password sells Premium for 1 year at $29.99 or as a Lifetime licence at $79.99, and Premium for teams at $29.99 per user per year, with a 30-day free trial. Its pricing page lists no free plan and no family plan.",
      "fit": "People who want to buy a one-time Lifetime licence or a low-cost yearly plan, and small teams that want a per-user yearly price.",
      "unclear": "Both personal prices are shown as sales, with $39.99 and $199.99 crossed out, and the page does not say when the sales end or what renewal costs. The pages read state no audit, certification, account recovery, data export steps or open-source code.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "No free plan is listed on the pricing page. It offers a 30-day free trial of Premium with no credit card, and a 30-day trial of Premium for teams with 5 seats; the trials do not include Dark Web Monitoring.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.stickypassword.com/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Some other pages carry 'Get Sticky Password Free' buttons; the pricing page lists a trial, not a free plan. The page is undated; the footer shows 2001 to 2026."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "Premium 1 Year: $29.99 per year (USD, US site), shown with $39.99 crossed out and labelled 'Save 25%'. Lifetime: a one-time $79.99, shown with $199.99 crossed out and labelled 'Save 60%'. Both carry a 30-day money-back guarantee and include Dark Web Monitoring, which the page says is renewable at $12 per year for Lifetime users.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.stickypassword.com/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The page does not say whether the sale prices end or what a 1-year renewal costs."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pricing page lists Individuals and Teams plans only. No family plan is listed on the pages read."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Premium for teams: $29.99 per user per year (the page shows a yearly price only), with a 30-day free trial for 5 seats. The page states no minimum number of users.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.stickypassword.com/pricing",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The team plan lists an admin console, secure sharing and Dark Web Monitoring. More than 5 trial seats are requested from support."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "Sticky Password lists a Master Password, 2-factor authentication (the Master Password plus a generated security code), fingerprint scanning on supported Android and iOS devices, and storage of passkeys that you unlock with Face ID, a fingerprint or a PIN.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.stickypassword.com/security",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The passkey wording is from https://www.stickypassword.com/passkeys. Both pages are undated."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pages read name no audit, certification or bug bounty program. The security page links a Security White Paper that was not read."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pages read do not say whether Sticky Password's code is open source or publicly available."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: secure password sharing with permissions you set is listed for Premium and for teams. Emergency Access: you invite a trusted contact and set the conditions under which access is granted. Account recovery is not described on the pages read.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.stickypassword.com/emergency-access",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Sharing wording is from https://www.stickypassword.com/secure-sharing. Both pages are undated."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Windows, Mac, Linux, ChromeOS, Android and iOS; browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Brave, Opera, Chromium, Vivaldi and Safari 12 or higher. Sync options listed: cloud sync and backup, local WiFi, manual offline, and no sync.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.stickypassword.com/operating-systems-and-browsers",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The sync options are from the pricing page https://www.stickypassword.com/pricing."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pages read give no steps for exporting your data from Sticky Password. The help centre lists guides for importing into Sticky Password from other managers, which were not read."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#sticky-password",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    },
    {
      "entityType": "comparison-item",
      "id": "zoho-vault",
      "name": "Zoho Vault",
      "availability": "active",
      "url": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/",
      "base": {
        "type": "online",
        "label": "Online"
      },
      "bestFor": [
        "free-plan-all-devices",
        "small-team"
      ],
      "summary": "Zoho Vault has a free plan for individuals and paid team plans: Standard at US$1 per user per month billed monthly (US$0.90 billed annually), Professional at US$5 (US$4.50) and Enterprise at US$8 (US$7.20). Professional and Enterprise need at least 5 users.",
      "fit": "Individuals who want a free plan on unlimited devices, and small teams that want a low per-user price with a free trial.",
      "unclear": "The pages read list no family plan and no paid individual plan, although the free-plan page says paid plans can be used to share with friends and family. They state no minimum for Standard, name no audit firm, date none of the security statements and say nothing about open-source code.",
      "facts": {
        "freePlan": {
          "value": "Free forever for individuals: unlimited passwords, passkeys and storage, unlimited devices, autofill, a password generator, a security dashboard, data backup, offline access, mobile apps, browser extensions, and a built-in 2FA authenticator. Secure password sharing with team members starts on Standard.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/pricing.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The free-plan page https://www.zoho.com/vault/free-password-manager.html also lists unlimited passwords and notes, file attachments, offline access, two-factor authentication and import and export. Both pages are undated."
        },
        "startingPrice": {
          "value": "No paid individual plan is listed; the personal plan is free. The cheapest paid plan is a team plan, Standard: US$1 per user per month billed monthly, or US$0.90 per user per month billed annually, which the page labels 'Save 10%' (USD).",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/pricing.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Read in a browser with the page's Monthly and Yearly switch, which only changes the displayed prices."
        },
        "familyPlan": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "No family plan is listed. The free-plan page says that to share and manage passwords with friends and family you can use its paid plans."
        },
        "teamPlan": {
          "value": "Standard: US$1 per user per month billed monthly, US$0.90 billed annually. Professional: US$5 monthly, US$4.50 annually, minimum 5 users. Enterprise: US$8 monthly, US$7.20 annually, minimum 5 users. A 15-day free trial with no credit card is offered; a Flex plan has custom pricing. The pages read state no minimum for Standard.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/pricing.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "Standard lists secure password sharing with team members, user provisioning and roles, and centralized admin controls."
        },
        "loginMethods": {
          "value": "The pricing page lists unlocking the vault with Zoho OneAuth, Windows Hello, Touch ID, a passkey or a YubiKey. The free-plan page lists multifactor options including text message, voice call, time-based one-time passcode, Google Authenticator, push notification, QR scan and Zoho OneAuth.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/pricing.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The multifactor list is from https://www.zoho.com/vault/free-password-manager.html."
        },
        "securityReviews": {
          "value": [
            "Zoho states Vault runs on a zero-knowledge, SOC 2-certified platform, and that it is constantly audited and tested by third-party auditors, white hat hackers and its own experts (Vault home page, undated).",
            "Zoho states Vault has been tested against cross-site scripting, SQL injection and other vulnerabilities, and penetration tested by third-party firms (free-plan page, undated)."
          ],
          "status": "provider-claim",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The pages read name no audit firm, certificate date or bug bounty program. The second statement is from https://www.zoho.com/vault/free-password-manager.html."
        },
        "openSource": {
          "value": null,
          "status": "not-stated",
          "note": "The pages read do not say whether Zoho Vault's code is open source or publicly available."
        },
        "sharingAndRecovery": {
          "value": "Sharing: secure sharing with team members and one-time sharing with third parties start on Standard; folder sharing starts on Professional. Emergency access: a break-glass account for emergency access is listed on Professional. Account recovery is not described on the pages read.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/pricing.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The Vault home page also mentions sharing emergency access to business passwords."
        },
        "platforms": {
          "value": "Mobile apps for Android and iOS, desktop applications for Mac and Windows, and browser extensions for Ulaa, Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, Vivaldi and Brave; a command-line interface is listed from Professional.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/pricing.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "The free-plan page lists browser extensions for Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge, Opera, Brave and Vivaldi."
        },
        "dataExport": {
          "value": "The free-plan page lists import and export of passwords and says you can import from browsers, CSV files and other password managers. Export formats and steps are not given on the pages read.",
          "status": "verified",
          "sourceUrl": "https://www.zoho.com/vault/free-password-manager.html",
          "checkedAt": "2026-11-02",
          "note": "No Zoho Vault help article on export was read."
        }
      },
      "canonicalUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers/#zoho-vault",
      "jsonUrl": "https://allthingscompared.com/password-managers.json",
      "updatedAt": "2026-11-02"
    }
  ],
  "retired": []
}